Menene GPS Satellite?


Yadda Tauraron GPS yake zagaye saman duniyarmu

Ma'anar GPS na nufin Global Positioning System. Wato wani tsari ne, ko fasaha da ake amfani da tauraron dan Adam domin a gano bagire (location) ko wani abu a duk inda yake a doron kasa a cikin duniyan nan.

Fasahar GPS ta samo asali ne daga wani shiri na gwamnatin Amurka wanda zai taimakawa sojojin ta suyi aiki a ko ina a doron kasa, da zummar gano wasu muhimman abubuwa masu alaka da tsaro da sauran bayanan sirri. A wancan lokacin gwamnatoci ne kadai keda damar aiki da wannan fasaha.

Amma a shekarar 1980, gwamnati ta bawa mutane farar hula dama suyi amfani da GPS ga duk wanda ya mallaki na'urar. 

 GPS yana iya aiki ne da kididdigar lokaci yana lissafa kwanaki (days), sa'o'i (hours), mintuna (munites) da dakiku (seconds) haka zalika yana lissafa kwanan wata daidai batare da kuskure ba. 

Sannan yana iya sanar da kai cewa lokaci kaza ka fara tafiya, lokaci kaza kuma zaka tsaya, kuma kayi tafiyar nisan kilomita kaza, zakayi minti kaza da second kaza kafin kaje inda zakaje in dai kana da GPS receiver a wajen ka.

Hatta kai da kake karanta wannan
rubutun GPS yana iya fada maka cewa kana kasa kaza, jaha kaza, a gari kaza, kuma kana cikin layi na kaza, sannan kana zaune a daidai nisan kilomita kaza tsakanin ka da tsakiyar garin ku, ko gidan gwamnatin garin da kake.

Akwai satellite sama da guda talatin wadanda gano inda wani mutum ko wani abu yake a doron kasa shine aikinsu. GPS satellite suna sama a nisan kilomita dubu ashirin (20,000 kilometres) tsakanin su da doron kasa na wannan duniyar da muke ciki.

GPS satellite suna amfani da network domin sadarwa tsakanin su da manya da kuma kananun na'urorin GPS da suke hannun mutane, domin nunawa mutum inda yake da kuma sanin nisan tafiyar kilomita nawa yayi.

Akwai kananun na'urorin GPS na
hannu masu kama da wayar salula, wadanda mutane suke siyowa suna amfani da su, wajen gano hanya. Wadannan kananun GPS din ana kiran su GPS receiver.

A cikin wayoyin hannu na zamani kamar su Android, da iPhone akwai irin wannan fasaha wato Maps, ko Google maps. Wanda take nunawa mutum hanya a cikin wayarsa.

Haka nan akwai agogon hannu na zamani masu dauke da Gps receiver, da kuma na'u'rori masu sarrafa kansu kamar misalin mota ko jirgin sama marasa matuki duk suna dauke da wannan fasaha.


Ta yaya GPS ke aiki?



Daukacin gungun taurarin dan adam rukuni 24 dake shawagi acikin shataletalen falaki guda shida dake tsakiyar duniya wato (six Earth-centered orbital planes). Kowane guda akwai taurari hudu a cikinsa suna zagayawa a saman duniya na tsawon mil 13,000, wato kilomita dubu ashirin (20,000 km) da kuma kimamin karfin gudu na 87,000mph wato (14,000 km) acikin awa guda.

Amma idan aka zo batun GPS kuwa kwatakwata taurari uku ake bukata masu samar da bagire (location) a doron duniya. Cikon na hudun yana aiki ne wajen tantance bayanan da taurari ukun suka samar. Hakan nan kuma wannan tauraro na hudun yana amfani wajen jagorantar mu zuwa kusurwa ta uku kuma yana bamu damar kayyade altitude na na'ura

Ginshikan abubuwa guda uku da suka hadu suka gina GPS

Fasahar GPS ta ginu ne karkashin wadansu ginshikai guda uku wadanda ake kira segments a turance, wadanda suke aiki kafada da kafada don samar da bayanin bigire a cikin duniya. Wadannan ginshikai sune kamar haka:

Space (satellites): Wadannan sune taurarin dan adam dake shawagi ko safa da marwa a sararin samaniya suna bankado bayanan dake wakana a doron duniya a bagire mabanbanta.

Ground control: Wato masarrafai a doron kasa Wadannan sune kamar antenna da kuma tashoshin dake karba da sarrafa sakon da tauraron gps ya aiko dashi duniya kafin ya isa ga mai amfani da kananan na'u'rorin hannu. Wadannan tashoshi suna sarrafa aikace-aikacen gps dake doron kasa kamar bin diddigin inda abu yake da kuma sarrafa taurarin gps, wato daga nan kasa ana iya sarrafa tauraron gps kamar yadda ake amfani da remote a sarrafa talabijin. A kowace nahiya ta duniya akwai tashoshi na musamman masu gudanar da aikace-aikacen taurarin gps. Wato wadannan nahiyoyin na duniya kamar haka North da South America, Africa, Europe, Asia da Australia.

User equipment: Wadannan sune kananan na'u'rorin hannu da mai son yin amfani da fasahar gps dole sai ya mallake su don samun damar karba da aika bayanai, ko gane inda abu yake, sune gps receiver da transmitters wanda suka hada da agogon hannu mai fasahar gps, wayoyin zamani masu dauke da fasahar gps da kuma na'u'rorin telematic.


segments
Wannan hoto yana nuna yadda aikin tauraron dan Adam ke gudana tare da taimakon ginshikai guda uku (3 segments)


Yaushe aka fara harba GPS satellite? kuma ya siffar tauraron gps take?

An fara harba tauraron GPS na farko ne a shekarar 1978. Sa'annan kowanne daya daga cikinsu ana tsammanin zaiyi aiki na tsawon shekaru goma kafin a sauyashi. 

GPS satellite yana da nauyin pound dubu biyu (2,000lbs) a takaice, daidai da nauyin kilogram dari tara da feet bakwai (907kg).

GPS satellite yana da solar panel masu tsayin kafa sha bakwai (17 feet) daidai da tsayin mita biyar da wani abu (5metres) wadanda suke samun wuta daga makamashin hasken rana kuma su suke samarwa GPS satellite wutar lantarki.

Bayanan GPS satellite suna tafiya ta cikin hadari ko giza gizai, da ruwa ko iska, da kuma ta cikin gilashi ko roba, sa'annan GPS satellite yana da karfin aiki (power) na watt hamsin (50 Watts) ko kuma abun da bai kai haka ba.

GPS satellite suna zagaye duniya sau biyu a kullum. Sannan kuma a takaice suna gudun mile dubu bakwai mile dubu bakwai duk sa'a daya (7000mp sa'a daya (7000mph), daidai da gudun kilomita dubu sha daya da dari biyu da sittin da biyar (11265kmph).

Kamar yadda bayani ya gabata a sama GPS satellite guda uku ne suke iya gano inda wani abu ko wani mutum yake a doron kasa. Sannan kuma sai sun zama su hudu ne suke iya samar da cikakkun bayanai akan duk abun da suka hango a doron kasa daga nan sai su samar da sauran bayanai kamar gano nisan da abin yayi, da kuma saurin abin a lokacin da yake tafiya da kuma daidai inda yake, tare da kwanan wata.

GPS satellite kamar kowane satellite ne suna aika bayanai ta hasken da idon mutum baya iya gani, wato Radiowaves.

Radiowaves yana iya tafiyar nisan mita miliyan dari uku a duk second daya (300, 000,000m/s) daidai da gudun kilomita dubu dari uku a duk second daya (300, 000km/s).