A wannan karni na 21 kimiyya ta bunkasa ainun, abubuwan fasaha na kere-kere sun wadata ko'ina cikin fadin duniya birni da kauye.
Wannan karni shine makura wajen kere-kere na ban mamaki, duk karnukan da suka shude babu wanda aka sami bunkasar kimiyar zamani kamar na wannan karni namu, musamman ta fannin ilimin fasahar na'ura mai kwakwalwa.
A karnin daya gabata hanyoyin sadarwa na na'ura mai kwakwalwa sun kasance yan tsiraru ne, sune kamar fasahar INFRARED da ARPANET, BITNET da kuma NCP (Netware Core Protocol) da sauransu.
Daga baya ne fasahar internet ta kunno kai ta bunkasa ta maye gurbinsu. Yanzu dai a takaice wannan karni akwai muhimman abubuwan ban al'ajabi ta fannin kimiyyar na'ura wanda babu irinsu ta fannin computer networking karnukan baya.
Menene Computer networking?
Wadannan na'u'rorin kan network sunada wata ka'ida ko siga wanda aka shimfida don samun aiwatar da ayyukansu mai suna Communications protocols wanda ke basu damar musayar bayanai na keke-da-keke wato (physical) ko kuma na cikin iska wato (wireless technologies)
A cikin wannan karnin duk wani mai mu'amala da wayoyin salula da na'urori na zamani, ba makawa ya taba cin karo da wadannan kalmomin LAN ko WLAN ko WIFI musamman a cikin wayoyin salalu na zamani wadanda ake kira smartphones.
Don haka muke so muyi bayani game da nau'ukan wadannan networks da muke amfani dasu a na'u'rorinmu ko wayoyin hannu na zamani, sanin sirrin wadannan network yanada matukar muhimmanci saboda zai taimaka mana wajen more romon kimiyya na yau da kullum. Ga bayanan nan a kasa kamar haka.
A karkashin settings na wayarka zakaga WiFi ko Wi-Fi hotspot duk suna karkashin fasahar WLAN wato network wanda na'ura zata iya aikawa da sako zuwa wata na'urar batare da cable a tsakaninsu ba, wato dai a takaice WiFi hotspot wani reshe ne na fasahar WLAN networks.
Menene LAN ko WLAN kuma menene banbancinsu
LAN shine (Local Area Network) wato fasaha ce ta raba network mai cin gajeren zango tsakanin na'u'rori, wanda ya kebanci waje guda kamar ofishi, ma'aikata, makaranta, ko gida kadai.
Network ne mai hada na'u'rori don tattaunawa tsakaninsu domin raba data ko files a tsakanin juna. Mafi akasari wannan network yana kasancewa mai takunkumi ne wato private network ne dole sai na'u'rorin da aka jona da hub, router, ko Switch ne kadai zasu iya isar da sako ga juna.
Wannan tsari na LAN yakan iya raba dan takaitaccen network na internet tsakanin kwamputoci dake muhalli guda zuwa ofisoshin dake cikin ma'aikata, kowace computer za a iya hadata da network din wanda za ayi amfani da waya mai suna Ethernet cable sai a jona tsakaninsu. Wayar da ake jonawa tana kasancewa coper wire, twisted pair ko fibre optic.
WLAN shine (Wireless Local Area Network) ko wireless LAN a takaice, wannan tsarin reshe ne daga fasahar networking na LAN saboda shi wannan tsari ne na hada alaka tsakanin na'urori a kan network guda mai cin gajeren zango ba tare da an jona waya a tsakani ba.
MAN ma'anar wannan kuma shine (Metropolitan Area Network) wannan reshen network ya kasance mai girma yana da range mai fadin gaske fiye da LAN karkashin wannan fasaha ta networking ana iya kulla alaqa tsakanin na'urori a cikin birni daya kamar daga unguwa zuwa unguwa mai nisa ta hanyar amfani da tsarin telephone exchange line.
WAN: Wannan kuma shine (Wide Area Network) Wannan fasaha ta dara sauran duka a karkashin wannan fasaha za a iya aika sako tsakanin na'u'rori daga wuri mai nisan gaske kamar daga jiha zuwa jiha ko daga kasa zuwa kasa. Mafi akasari wannan network manyan kamfanonin sadarwa irin su MTN ko GLO sune suke amfani dashi don tattara bayanan ofishinsu dake garuruwa ko jihohi daban daban. Internet yana daga cikin WAN network mafi girma.
Banbancin dake tsakaninsu duka
Ko da bamu tsawaita bayani ba kai kanka mai karatu zaka iya rabe banbance-banbancen dake tsakaninsu duka
To amma duk da haka bari muyi bayani a takaice.
Banbancin su anan shine LAN ana amfani da cable don sadarwa tsakanin na'u'rori yayinda WLAN kuma babu waya a tsakani, sako ne dake gudana ta cikin iska. Sai dai LAN yana da karfin tura sako fiye da saura, bayan haka yana da tsaro sosai.
Sai kuma MAN yanada fadin range na kilomita 5-60 yakan iya fadada zuwa waje mai nisa shi kuma LAN ya takaitu ne a muhalli daya kacal a tsakankanin na'u'rorin da aka dora kan network din da wayoyin Ethernet cable ko Fibre optic.
Yayinda LAN ake amfani da cable tsakanin na'u'rori amma MAN babu wayar da ake jonawa domin musayar bayanai tsakaninsu, yana aiki ne kai-tsaye ta cikin iskar maganadisu na electromagnetic waves ko infrared waves misali WI-FI network.
Menene wifi
Ko shakka babu mai karatu zai so sanin ainihin hakikanin ma'anar wifi da kuma amfaninsa. Kamar yadda bayani ya gabata a sama wifi wani sashe ne daga cikin jerangiyar tsarin network dake karkashin fasahar WLAN.
Wi-Fi fasaha ce dake baiwa computer ko sauran na'u'rori damar musayar bayanai (aikawa da karbar data) tsakanin juna ba tare da an hada waya a tsakaninsu ba. Fasahar wifi tana amfani ne da maganadisun iska (wireless signals).
Wannan fasaha ta samo asali ne karkashin hukumar gudanar da hadakar network ta IEEE karkashin kundin 802.11 standards wanda hukumar hadin guiwa ta Wi-Fi Alliance suka dabbaka.
Fasahar wifi tana da rassa, ajujuwa ko babi-babi kamar haka:
Kusan duk na'u'rorin zamani suna dauke da wannan fasaha ta wifi domin masu amfani da na'u'rorin su dandani romon kimiyyar zamani.
A yanzu zamu iya cewa kusan babu wata smartphone wanda bata dauke da wannan fasaha ta wifi, duk da yake mafi akasari masu amfani da wayoyin basu san amfaninsa ba, ko kuma basu san yadda zasuyi amfani da wannan fasaha ba. Saboda haka zamu dan yi takaitaccen bayani game da yadda ake amfani da WIFI.
Yadda ake amfani da fasahar wifi
Na'urar da ake amfani da ita wajen hada wifi ana kiranta wifi router ta kasance nau'i daban daban akwai manya da kuma kanana matsakaita. Na'ura ce mai karbar signal na internet kai tsaye daga cibiyar dake samar da internet wato (Internet Service Provider ko ISP) a takaice.
Yayinda aka kunna na'urar tana watsa maganadisun sigina na wifi hostpot cikin iska a kewayenta, dan haka duk wata na'urar komfiyuta ko wayar salalu mai dauke da fasahar Wi-Fi idan aka kunnata zata iya sunsino signal na wifi router domin samun joining na network din.
Kamar dai misalin yadda Bluetooth yake lalubo sunayen Bluetooth dake kewayensa, to shima haka wifi yake kasancewa.
Idan network din ya kasance free ne to basai ka saka kalmomin sirri ba idan zakayi join, amma idan private network ne wato (WPA2) ne to dole sai ka saka kalmomin sirri daidai da yadda yake ajikin router kafin ka iya sada na'urar ka da hotspot router din.
Kasani wannan fasaha ba a iya Wi-Fi router ta tsaya ba, akwai hanya mai sauki wanda zaka iya amfani da wayar salula ta zama wifi router wanda wasu masu amfani da na'urar computer ko wayar salula zasu yi joining da wayarka wannan hanya ce mafi sauki idan har baka da kudin sayen wifi router.
Ta wannan hanya zaka iya hada komfiyutarka da wayarka ka shiga internet a kan na'urar komfiyutarka kai-tsaye batare da kayi amfani da modem ba.
Kuma zaka iya hada printer da komputarka a gadon wifi hotspot kayi printing ba tare da an jona waya tsakanin kwamfiyuta da printer ba.
Bugu da kari akwai lokacin da kake son shiga internet a wayarka ko a kwamputarka amma gashi baka da data, to idan abokinka yanada data zai iya doraka akan network din wifi na wayarsa domin kaima kayi amfani da datar cikin wayarsa.
Ga yadda zaku hada wayoyi biyu a network na WiFi hotspot
1. Tsarin Wi-Fi
Tsarin wifi hotspot hanyar raba internet ce tsakanin na'u'rori cikin sauki da kuma inganci.
Bi wadannan matakan daki-daki idan kana bukatar raba internet da wayarka zuwa ga wayar abokinka ko matarka ko computarka.
STEP 1: Wayar abokinka mai data sai ku shiga 'settings' na wayarsa sai ku shiga sashen 'network & internet'
STEP 2: Daga nan sai ku shiga 'hotspot & tethering' a wata wayar kuma zakuga Portable wifi hotspot
STEP 3: Sai ku kunna 'Wi-Fi hotspot'.
STEP 4: Don gudun kada wasu suyi joining su cinye maka data ba tare da amincewarka ba zaka iya saka security na hostpot dinka, kaga babu wanda zai iya amfani da datarka sai wanda ka bashi password. Daga kasa kadan zakuga Set up Wi-Fi hotspot
STEP 5: A dayar wayar kuma mara data sai ku shiga Wi-Fi a kunna
2. Tsarin Bluetooth tethering
Menene Bluetooth tethering?
Wannan fasaha ce da za a iya raba internet tsakanin na'u'rori biyu ko sama da haka ta hanyar Bluetooth.
Wato idan aka kunna tsarin Bluetooth tethering za a iya raba internet tsakanin na'u'rorin da aka sada su. Kamar yadda Wi-Fi ke aiki haka wannan tsari na Bluetooth tethering ke aiki banbancinsu kawai shine wannan ta hanyar Bluetooth ne dayan kuma ta WiFi ne.
3. Hanyar USB tethering
Wannan hanya ce ta raba internet musamman tsakanin wayar salula da na'urar computer ta hanyar jona kebur a tsakaninsu. Ta wannan hanya zaka iya shiga internet da kwamputarka batare da kayi amfani da modem ba ko router. Wayar salularka itace ta zama modem kenan.
0 Comments