Mece ce Na'urar ATM kuma menene amfaninta?


Na'urar ATM

Ma'anar ATM dai shine (Automated Teller Machine) Wato na'ura ce ta musamman wanda aka kirkira domin kwastomomin banki su sami damar aiwatar da wasu muhimman al'amaru da suka shafi asusun ajiyarsu kamar chanja kalmomin sirri PIN, cire kudi ko sakawa cikin akawun dinsu kai-tsaye daga na'urar batare da sun shiga wajen jami'an bankin ba.

ATM na'ura ce mai kaifin basira wajen iya taskance bayanan da ake shigarwa cikinta, duk umarnin daka bata zata aiwatar nan take ba tare da jinkiri ba, da wuya kaga wannan na'ura tayi kuskure saboda sha'ani na kudi dole sai an tsaurara matakan tsaro na samar da na'ura mai kaifin basira ta yadda babu yadda za a iya hilatar ta balle a yi kutse a cikinta.

Ta yaya na'urar ATM ke aiwatar da ayyukanta?

To kamar yadda muka sani kowace na'ura an sana'anta ta yadda zata iya gudanar da aikin da aka tsarata akai, to na'urar ATM tana da muhimman bangarori na musamman wadanda suka hadu suka zama na'urar.

Wadannan muhimman bangarori guda biyu ne wato bangaren ruhinta (wato software) sai kuma bangaren gangar jiki (wato hardware). Ga bayanai daki-daki da kuma aikin kowane sashe na wannan na'ura mai azanci kamar haka:

1. Bangaren ruhi (software part)

Shi wannan bangare ya rabu gida biyu akwai

(i) Massarafa: Wannan bangare shine dan jagora mai sarrafa akalar na'urar yayinda ake aiki da ita wato shine cibiyar dake dauke da gangar ruhi operating system ko OS a takaice. OS shine ruhin na'urar wanda aka girka a cikin kwakwalwarta.

Mafi akasarin na'urarorin ATM na wannan zamani suna amfani da manhajar kwamfuta na kamfanin Microsoft ne, windows XP professional ko kuma windows XP Embedded amma kuma akwai masu saka OS na Linux sai dai basu cika yawa sosai ba. Hakika Operating system shine jigo babu wata na'urar ATM da zatayi amfani batare da OS ba, saboda shine ruhinta.


(ii) Host processor (server): Shi kuma wannan bangare ne na biyu dake karkashin ruhin OS wanda ke hada na'urar ATM da babbar cibiyar gudanarwa ta internet (server). Duk mu'amalar da zakayi da ATM dole sai an samu yarjejeniyar gudanarwa tsakanin banki da na'urar ATM da kuma cibiyar gudanarwa (server) ta kafar internet wanda za a sami sadarwa a killace wato secure connections tsakanin host processor da ISP wato (Internet Service Provider ) gateway.

Duk na'u'rorin ATM wadanda ake hada-hadar kudi dasu a fadin duniya sun rataya ne a babbar cibiyar gudanarwa mai taskancewa da kuma adana dunkulallun bayanan sirrin na'u'rori wato centralized database system a turance.

ATM host processor
Sigar yadda gudanarwa ke wakana tsakanin na'u'rorin cikin banki da ATM da kuma host processor

Idan ka saka katinka cikin na'urar ATM nan take zata taskance bayanan akawun dinka da kuma bukatar da ka nema na cire kudi ko sakawa sai ta tura bayanan zuwa cibiyar gudanarwa wato host processor, dama host processor yana kunshe da bayananka cikin database to sai ya duba shin bayanan da na'urar ATM ta turo ya dace da bayanan dake kunshe cikin server, idan ya dace sai ya maido da bayanan amincewa wato approval code zuwa na'urar ATM ita kuma sai ta amshi bukatarka na transactions.

2. Bangaren gangar jiki (hardware)

Kamar yadda muka sani hardware shine bangare na zahiri wanda muke iya tabawa ko sarrafawa a jikin na'ura wato gangar jiki da gabobi kenan dole sai an sami gangar jiki sa'annan ruhi ya sami matsuguni kaga kenan ashe babu yadda za ayi a sami na'ura dole sai da gangar jiki da kuma ruhi.

Gangar jiki ko hardware na ATM sun rabu gida biyu su ma akwai input devices wato abubuwan shigar da bayanai cikin na'urar da kuma output devices masu fitar da bayanai ko sakamako. bari mu fara da input devices kamar haka:

Input devices

1. Keypad: Wannan shine mazubin haruffa ko lambobi wanda mai amfani da na'urar zai saka bayanan akawun dinsa da kalmomin sirrinsa

atm keypad set
Maballan da ake shigar da bayani cikin na'urar ATM


2. Card reader: Wannan bangaren da zaka saka katinka cikin na'urar inda zata tantace ingancin katin da kuma bayanan account dinka, bayan ta tabbatar sai ta baka damar zuwa mataki na gaba.

atm card reader
ATM Card reader

Output devices

Sune bangaren fitar bayanan abin da ake shigarwa cikin na'urar wanda zaka gani kuru-kuru ko jin sauti daga lasifika. Ga bayanansu kamar haka:


1. Speaker: Akwai lasifika ta musamman a jikin na'urar ATM wanda zaka rika jin sauti yayinda kake shigar da lambobin akawun ko kalmomin sirri.

2. Display screen: Wannan allon dake jikin na'urar kenan mai nuna abubuwan da kake shigarwa cikinta. Mafi akasari screen na ATM an fi yin amfani da kirar CRT ko kuma LCD

atm display
ATM display screen


3. Receipt printer: Wannan itace kafar dake tunkudo takardar shaidar cewa ka cire kudi ko saka kudi wato receipt, acikin takardar zakaga duk bayanan transaction daka aiwatar na adadin kudin da kwanan wata da sauran bayanai masu matukar amfani.

4. Cash dispenser: Wannan kuma kafa ce mai ingizo kudin daka nema, bayan ka shigar da bukatar nema ta wannan kofa zaka karbi kudinka iya adadin yadda ka bukata daga na'urar ba tare da an rage ko kara komai ba. 


Cash dispenser

akwai wasu muhimman al'amura dake faruwa karkashin wannan gaba ta cash dispenser, game da yadda take iya lissafa adadin kudin da aka cira da sunan wanda ya cira da rana da kuma lokaci sai ta taskance bayanan duka wanda a turance ake kira journal print out.

Wannan kafa ta cash dispenser tana dauke da wasu yan akwatuna guda biyu wato reject bin da Cash vault a karkashin na'urar, aikin wadannan akwatuna shine kamar haka:

Reject bin: Wannan itace jakar dake ware duk wani kudi mara kyau wato na jabu ko yagagge ko kuma wadanda sun rududduge, to nan take sai na'urar ta tantance su ta watso su cikin kwandon shara mai suna reject bin.

Cash vault: Wannan shine akwatun dake dauke da duk kudaden da na'urar ke amayowa, shi dai wannan mazubi ya kasance a can karkashin na'urar babu wanda zai iya ganinsa ballantana ma ya iya tabashi ko sarrafa shi.

Har ila yau wannan na'ura tanada kwakwalwar dake iya kirga adadin kudin daka cira ko ka saka sa'annan tana iya tantance nau'in kudin da ake shigarwa ko fitarwa daga cikinta misali zata iya tantance nairori da daloli kuma zata iya tantance darajar kowane kudi shin yan dari-dari ne ko yan dubu-dubu ne, duka wannan yana faruwa ne ta karkashin cash dispenser na jikin na'urar

KARANTA WANNAN: ► Menene Guguwa a kimiyyance

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