Tauraruwa mai wutsiya

Tauraruwa mai wutsiya


A kimiyyance tauraruwa mai wutsiya wata irin tauraruwa ce wanda ta samu ne ta sanadiyyar dunkulalliyar kankara da shekin kura (dust) da baraguzan duwatsu da kuma wasu sinadaran iskar gas irinsu carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, da ammonia.

Wannan halitta mai kama da kwallo mai cin wuta (snowballs) ta kasance tana tashi a sararin samaniya tana ratsawa ta kusa da rana, yayin da ta kusanci rana sai zafin rana ya dumama jikinta wanda hakan ke bata damar narkewa sai ta rika fesar da wani gas wanda yake zama tamkar wutsiya. Wannan shi ake kira outgassing a harshen Ingilishi.

Amma idan har tayi nesa da rana sosai to wutsiyar bata bayyana, kasancewar dama zafin rana ne silar narkewar sinadaran nucleus dake gareta har wutsiya ta samu bayyana.

Wannan shine dalilin da yasa daga duniya muke iya ganin tauraruwa mai wutsiya ta gifta, kuma taurari masu wutsiya sun kasu gida biyu akwai masu cin dogon zango (long-period comet) da kuma masu cin gajeren zango kafin su zagaye rana (short-period comet).

Tauraruwa mai cin dogon zango takan kwashe shekaru kusan 200 kafin ta zagaye rana a cikin shataletalenta (orbit) amma mai gajeren zango takan bayyana cikin yan shekaru kalilan.


Masana ilimin kimiyyar sararin samaniya sun hakikance cewa tauraruwa mai cin dogon zango ta samo asali ne daga cincirindon giza-gizai na Oort cloud wanda yake gefen duniyoyin cikin falaki (edge of our solar system) amma ita kuwa mai cin gajeren zango ta samo asali ne daga baraguzan dake ballewa daga duniyar Kuiper Belt ko duniyar Pluto, abubuwa da dama sukan balle daga wadannan duniyoyi yayin da aka samu wani sauyin yanayi wato (gravitational changes) a cikinsu.


Tauraruwa mai wutsiya, mai cin dogon zango (long-period comet)

Alal misali akwai wata tauraruwa mai wutsiya mai cin dogon zango mai suna Hyakutake ta bayyana tun a shekarar 1996 shafin Space.com da NASA sun bayyana cewa wannan tauraruwa zata dauki lokaci mai tsawo kusan kimamin shekaru 14,000 nan gaba kafin ta sake bayyana, kodayake dai alkaluman lissafin zasu iya raguwa ko karuwa a bisa hasashen.


Akwai kuma wata tauraruwa mai suna Halley wannan sananniyar tauraruwa ce tana daga cikin gungun taurari masu cin gajeren zango wanda kwata-kwata shekaru 75 ko 76 take dauka kafin ta gama zagaye shataletalen falaki (orbit)


Tauraruwa mai wutsiya, mai cin gajeren zango (short-period comet)

Haka zalika dangin taurari masu wutsiya masu gajeren zango sun kasu gida biyu akwai Halley-type comets da kuma Jupiter-type comets kamar yadda aka bayyana a shafin NASA.

Siffar tauraruwa mai wutsiya

Tauraruwa mai wutsiya yayin da take narkewa a sararin samaniya

Fasalinta kamar mulmulalliyar kwallo mai ci da wuta haka mai kallo zai hangeta yayin da take cillawa cikin falaki. Kamar yadda bayani ya gabata abubuwan da suka hadu aka sami tauraruwa mai wutsiya sune kankara, shekin kura (dust) da kuma duwatsu su suka hadu aka sami gangar jinkinta mai kunshe da sinadarin nucleus, hasken rana shi yake haddasa narkewarta yayin da wutsiya zata bayyana Sakamakon narkewar gas dake gareta.


Ginshikin jikinta sinadarin nucleus ne wanda girmansa ya wuce kima bayan wasu gaggan sinadarai masu yawa dake cikin wannan halitta mai ban al'ajabi.

Shin taurari masu wutsiya suna da adadi a cikin sararin samaniya

A'a, gungun taurari masu wutsiya ba zasu kidayu ba a sararin samaniya, hatta masana ilimin kimiyyar sararin samaniya sun tabbatar cewa babu yadda za a iya tantance adadin taurari masu wutsiya, mafi akasarinsu ba a iya ganinsu ma daga nan duniyarmu wasu kuma daga cikinsu har sai an yi amfani da na'urar hangen nesa ta telescope sa'annan a ke iya ganinsu daga duniyarmu.

Tarihin tauraruwa mai wutsiya

Shekaru aru-aru da suka gabata, mutane basu hakikance mecece tauraruwa mai wutsiya ba kuma basu fahimci ta ya ya take tafiya a sararin samaniya ba. Sai dai al'ummomi da dama da suka shude da irin fahimtar da suka yi game da tauraruwa mai wutsiya.

Alal misali al'umar Hausawa sun fahimci tauraruwa mai wutsiya a matsayin wata irin tauraruwa ce mai ban al'ajabi kasancewar tasha banban da sauran taurarin dake sararin samaniya.

A kasar Hausa an gano cewa ita tauraruwa mai wutsiya tana da siffa wadda ya dace da sunan da aka lakaba mata saboda ita tauraruwa ce da a ke cilla ta a sararin samaniya daga wani sashe zuwa wani sashe a sararin samaniya bisa kudirar Allah mahalicci.

 Sai dai duk da haka akwai canfe-canfe na musamman da a ke alakantawa da ita, an sha yin bayanai akanta tun zamanin baya har zuwa wannan zamani da muke ciki. 

 Al'umar Hausawa dai sun bayyana cewa idan har aka ga tauraruwa mai wutsiya ta gitta to wai akwai wani mummunan abu da zai faru shi yasa ma har kirari a ke ma ta "tauraruwa mai wutsiya ganinki ba alheri ba"

Wadannan canfe-canfe gami da siffanta tauraruwa mai wutsiya ba al'umar Hausawa ne kadai ke yi ba kusan duk kabilun duniya da  yadda tunaninsu yake darsuwa a lamarin wannan tauraruwa mai abin al'ajabi. Misali idan mu kayi duba zuwa al'umar kasar Sin su ma tunaninsu iri daya ne da al'umar Hausawa wato su na kwatanta tauraruwa mai wutsiya da alamar faruwar annoba. 

To amma kasancewar yanzu zamani ne na kimiyya tsantsa mafi akasarin jama'a sun sauya tunaninsu a game da tauraruwa mai wutsiya da abinda ta kunsa. Yanzu an fahimci yadda take da yadda take kasancewa a cikin sararin samaniya ta fuskar kimiyyar zamani. 

 

References

  1.  The Encyclopedia Americana: A Library of Universal Knowledge. 26. The Encyclopedia Americana Corp. 1920. pp. 162–163.
  2. ^ Greenberg, J. Mayo (1998). "Making a comet nucleus". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 330: 375. Bibcode:1998A&A...330..375G.
  3. ^ "Dirty Snowballs in Space". Starryskies. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
  4. ^ "Evidence from ESA's Rosetta Spacecraft Suggests that Comets are more "Icy Dirtball" than "Dirty Snowball"". Times Higher Education. 21 October 2005.
  5. ^ a b Clavin, Whitney (10 February 2015). "Why Comets Are Like Deep Fried Ice Cream". NASA. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  6. ^ Meech, M. (24 March 1997). "1997 Apparition of Comet Hale–Bopp: What We Can Learn from Bright Comets". Planetary Science Research Discoveries. Retrieved 30 April 2013.

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